When coffee arrived in medieval Europe, it met with a mixed reception. At first, it was considered something strange and magical, and sparked controversy among both religious and scientific circles. Some people saw it as the devil's drink due to its eastern origins. It was linked to Islamic culture and some European countries prohibited drinking it.

In England , for example, coffee was initially banned by the church, which believed it to be an intoxicating drink. However, the ban was repealed in 1675, and coffee soon became popular in England as well.

In France , coffee was also initially banned, but the ban was overturned in 1669.

In Spain , coffee was initially banned, but the ban was overturned in 1711.

But this negative outlook soon turned, thanks to occasional church support, and it became part of European culture.

Coffee began to gain popularity, especially in coffee shops, which were considered centers of cultural and intellectual discussion. In France, for example, cafés became a place for intellectuals, philosophers, and writers to gather to discuss and exchange ideas.

In England , “coffee houses” were centers for financial and commercial activities, and the London Stock Exchange was even founded in one of these coffee shops.

In Austria , specifically in Vienna, coffee initially encountered resistance until it was transformed by adding milk and sugar into Viennese coffee, which is now part of the city's cultural identity.

Coffee shops played an important role in the spread of coffee in Europe. Cafés were social and cultural gathering places, where people would gather to drink coffee and discuss news and ideas.

In the eighteenth century, it became

Cafés are associated with ideas of enlightenment and rationalism. Cafés were places for political discussion

And philosophical, and played an important role in the spread of Enlightenment ideas.

Cafés were also places

For entertainment. There were musical, theatrical and circus performances in some cafes.

Coffee was also part of

European popular culture. Coffee appeared in literature and the arts, and became associated with style

European life.

Many writers wrote

And poets about coffee, such as the English poet John Milton, who wrote a poem entitled

"Coffee" in 1674.

The art of coffee was also featured in

Europe in the eighteenth century. Paintings and prints have appeared depicting cafés and people drinking

Coffee.

Today, coffee is an essential part of European culture. It is a popular drink consumed everywhere, from homes and offices to cafes.

The emergence of coffee in ancient European culture:

• In the 17th century, coffee was considered a health drink and was believed to aid concentration and alertness.

The English physician and philosopher Thomas Browne wrote in

In 1665, coffee “helps to enhance memory, strengthen the mind, and makes a person...

More able to learn.

• In the 18th century, coffee was associated with ideas of Enlightenment and rationalism.

Cafés were places for political and philosophical discussion.

It played an important role in the spread of Enlightenment ideas. The French philosopher Voltaire wrote in...

1734 that "a coffee house is a place where those who wish to think gather."

• In the 19th century, coffee became more accessible, and was associated with modernity and progress.

With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, coffee became more popular

Easily accessible, and associated with modernity and progress. The French writer Honoré D. wrote

Balzac said in 1837 that “coffee is the drink of creative men.”

In conclusion, it can be said that coffee played an important role in European culture. It is more than just a drink, it is part of European history and culture.